CV-preconditioning study of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles

Type: Idea or experiment plan show more

ObjectId: 35983

Created: 11/10/2025 10:23:25 AM by A09) Anastasiia Kotova [kotovaai2015@gmail.com]

Updated: 6/15/2026 10:57:55 AM by A09) Anastasiia Kotova [kotovaai2015@gmail.com]

Access: Public Sort Code (asc): 0

Description:

To study the effect of pre-conditioning on Co₃O₄ OER activity by tuning the catalyst during pre-OER by using different CV/LSV scan rates. This provides a comprehensive indication of the integrated charge (Q_imb), which can be used to classify the pre-conditioning protocols as charge balanced (Q_imb≈0), anodic excess (Q_imb>0), and cathodic excess (Q_imb<0) regimes.

To evaluate OER activity LSV and EIS will be applied. To reveal structural differences ex-situ Raman and XPS will be conducted as a post-electrochemical characterisation.

[no file attached]

Associated Objects

Catalysis Science & Technology, 2026 (Kotova)
Publication
Kotova A., Hernandez S., Bendt G., Schulz S., Dudarev V., Ludwig A., Tschulik K., Linnemann J. "Controlling structural transformations of cobalt spinel catalyst surfaces under electrochemical conditions towards a mechanistic understanding of the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction", Catalysis Science & Technology, 2026.

250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V - 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250710_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_01
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.55V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V- 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_01
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.68V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_01
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from 0.60V to OCP vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_04
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.55V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
10912 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_01
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- CV_activity (from OCP to 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V - 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
10913 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_02
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- CV_activity (from OCP to 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V - 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
10914 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_03
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- CV_activity (from OCP to 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V - 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4
Nanoparticle powder sample
250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03 EC modified
cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_04
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- CV_activity (from OCP to 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.62V - 0.70V vs. Hg/HgO (20 mV step)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_5
Nanoparticle powder sample
cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_04 EC modified
250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_2
Nanoparticle powder sample
250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_01 was EC modified
250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_2
Nanoparticle powder sample
250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_01 was EC modified
250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_5
Nanoparticle powder sample
250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_04 was EC modified
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_05
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_06
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.55V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_08
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30CVs (from OCP to 0.55V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_03
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from 0.60V to OCP vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_05
Nanoparticle powder sample
The freshly prepared ink of 1 µg/µL Co3O4 NPs (cpy131_repro) sonicated (Elmasonic P, 37 Hz, power = 100) in DI water for 15 min. A glassy carbon disk electrode with a geometric area of 0.5 cm2 (RDE) was polished (3.00 min, GCE polish disks 1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm with Al2O3 suspension), loaded with 50 μL of ink by drop casting (micropipette, catalyst loading 100 µg cm-2), and dried for 30 min under Ar stream with heating at 65 oC. 200ml of 100mM KOH was Ar bubbled before experimant for 15 min.
- OCP
- EIS at OCP
- 10CVs (from OCP to 0.40V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from OCP to 0.60V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 50 mV/s)
- 30LSVs (from 0.60V to OCP vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 0.5 mV/s)
- LSV (from OCP to 0.73 V vs. Hg/HgO, scan rate 5 mV/s)
- EIS @ 0.73V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.75V vs. Hg/HgO
- EIS @ 0.80V vs. Hg/HgO
- OCP
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4
Nanoparticle powder sample
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03 was EC modified
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_6
Nanoparticle powder sample
250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_05 was EC modified
250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_7
Nanoparticle powder sample
250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_06 was EC modified
250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_9
Nanoparticle powder sample
250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_08 was EC modified
250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_4
Nanoparticle powder sample
250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_03 was EC modified
250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_6
Nanoparticle powder sample
250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_05 was EC modified

All properties (except table)

Type	Name	Value	Comment
Measurements Report
Int	XPS	1	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 30
Int	OCP	2	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 73
Int	CV	3	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 61, 68
Int	LSV	1	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 71
Int	EIS	8	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 72
Int	Raman	1	TypeIds CSV to include in the report column (1 - include to report):, 70, 144, 221

The table

Download properties in Excel

No properties for rendering in a table found

Report (Samples and Measurements)

SampleId	ObjectName	N	System	XPS	OCP	CV	LSV	EIS
ObjectId_27604	250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_01	2	Co-O	0	1	2	0	4
ObjectId_27633	250710_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_01	2	Co-O	0	2	3	0	8
ObjectId_27634	250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_01	2	Co-O	0	2	2	1	4
10909	250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03	2	Co-O	0	2	2	1	8
10911	250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_04	2	Co-O	0	2	3	0	4
10912	10912 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_01	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	9
10913	10913 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_02	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	9
10914	10914 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_03	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	9
10910	250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4	2	Co-O	0	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37765	cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_04	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	9
ObjectId_37766	cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_5	2	Co-O	0	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37790	250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_2	2	Co-O	0	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37791	250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_2	2	Co-O	7	0	0	0	0
10911	250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_5	2	Co-O	0	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37817	250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03	2	Co-O	0	2	2	0	4
ObjectId_37818	250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_05	2	Co-O	0	2	2	0	4
ObjectId_37819	250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_06	2	Co-O	0	2	2	0	4
ObjectId_37820	250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_08	2	Co-O	0	2	2	1	5
ObjectId_37821	250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_03	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	5
ObjectId_37822	250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_05	2	Co-O	0	2	1	1	5
ObjectId_37823	250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4	2	Co-O	11	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37824	250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_6	2	Co-O	9	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37834	250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_7	2	Co-O	8	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37867	250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_9	2	Co-O	8	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37887	250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_4	2	Co-O	7	0	0	0	0
ObjectId_37904	250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_6	2	Co-O	7	0	0	0	0

CV-preconditioning study of Co3O4 nanoparticles

Associated Objects

Catalysis Science & Technology, 2026 (Kotova)

250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03

250710_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_01

250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_01

250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_01

250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_04

10912 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_01

10913 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_02

10914 cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_03

250710_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4

cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_04

cpy131_repro_ECnot-preconditioned_5

250408_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_2

250416_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_2

250417_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_5

250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_03

250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_05

250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_06

250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_08

250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_03

250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_05

250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_4

250415_cpy131_repro_ECbalanced_6

250511_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_7

250512_cpy131_repro_ECanodicX_9

250511_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_4

250513_cpy131_repro_ECcathodicX_6

All properties (except table)

The table

Report (Samples and Measurements)

CV-preconditioning study of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles